Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) |
6 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Jun. 30, 2021 |
Dec. 31, 2020 |
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| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basis of Presentation |
Basis of Presentation
The condensed financial statements include the accounts of the Company and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and the requirements of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by U.S. GAAP can be condensed or omitted. These condensed financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as its annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial information. These interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2021, or for any other interim period or for any other future year. The condensed balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 has been derived from the audited financial statements of the Company. These condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and the notes.
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Basis of Presentation
The financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).
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| Use of Estimates |
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the unaudited accompanying financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenue and expenses. Actual results and outcomes could differ significantly from the Company’s estimates, judgments, and assumptions. Significant estimates include determining useful lives of long-lived assets, the determination of the incremental borrowing rate used for operating lease liabilities, standalone selling price for performance obligations in contracts with customers, the valuation of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants and common stock warrants, the fair value of common stock and other assumptions used to
measure stock-based compensation, inventory reserves, and the valuation of deferred income tax assets and uncertain tax positions.
These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Changes in these estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could materially differ from these estimates and assumptions.
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Use of Estimates
The preparation of the accompanying financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenue and expenses. Actual results and outcomes could differ significantly from the Company’s estimates, judgments, and assumptions. Significant estimates include determining useful lives of long-lived assets, the determination of the incremental borrowing rate used for operating lease liabilities, standalone selling price for performance obligations in contracts with customers, the valuation of redeemable convertible preferred stock
warrants and common stock warrants, the fair value of common stock and other assumptions used to measure stock-based compensation, inventory reserves, and the valuation of deferred income tax assets and uncertain tax positions.
These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Changes in these estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could materially differ from these estimates and assumptions.
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| Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties |
Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties
The Company’s financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentration of credit risk consist mainly of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable, net. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents in domestic cash accounts with large, creditworthy financial institutions. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents through deposits with federally insured commercial banks and at times cash balances may be in excess of federal insurance limits. The Company relies on four key suppliers for products and services. While alternative providers could be identified, the Company is subject to supply and pricing risks.
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Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties
The Company’s financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentration of credit risk consist mainly of cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents in domestic cash accounts with large, creditworthy financial institutions. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents through deposits with federally insured commercial banks and at times cash balances may be in excess of federal insurance limits.
3D Printers and Support Services for the Company’s three largest customers generated 40.8%, 15.8% and 14.8% of total revenue in 2020, respectively, and 74.8%, 11.7% and 11.1% of total revenue in 2019, respectively.
Total accounts receivables for the Company’s three largest customers accounted for 64.4%, 22.4% and 7.0% of accounts receivable, net in 2020, respectively, and 85.6%, 21.3% and 11.8% of accounts receivable, net in 2019, respectively.
The Company relies on four key suppliers for products and services. While alternative providers could be identified, the Company is subject to supply and pricing risks.
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| Fair Value Measurements |
Fair Value Measurements
The Company has applied the framework for measuring fair value which requires a fair value hierarchy to be applied to all fair value measurements. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified into one of three levels in the fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to measure fair value as follows:
Level 1 — Quoted prices observed in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;Level 2 — Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and Level 3 — Significant unobservable market inputs for the asset or liability.
As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, warrants for redeemable convertible preferred stock were the only liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities. The long-term debt (including convertible notes) with variable interest at market rates is carried at amortized cost, which approximates its fair value and was classified as Level 2. See Note 11, Long-Term Debt and Note 12, Convertible Notes Payable, for further information. Warrants for redeemable convertible preferred stock and convertible notes payable were classified as Level 3.
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Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as an exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company has applied the framework for measuring fair value which requires a fair value hierarchy to be applied to all fair value measurements. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified into one of three levels in the fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to measure fair value as follows: Level 1 — Quoted prices observed in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2 — Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and Level 3 — Significant unobservable market inputs for the asset or liability.
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, warrants for redeemable convertible preferred stock were the only liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities. The long-term debt (including convertible notes) with variable interest at market rates, is carried at amortized cost, which approximates its fair value, was classified as Level 2. See Note 11, Long-Term Debt and Note 12, Convertible Notes Payable, for further information. Warrants for redeemable convertible preferred stock and convertible notes payable were classified as Level 3.
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| Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash |
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
All highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less, when purchased, are classified as cash equivalents. Cash equivalents may be invested in money market funds and are carried at cost, which approximates their fair value.
In June 2021, in conjunction with the new 80,000+ square foot facility to begin production of the Company’s Sapphire XC in late 2021, the Company issued a one-year letter of credit for $1.2 million to the landlord to secure the agreement. The Company has restricted cash to secure the letter of credit and the agreement will allow for reductions to the letter of credit limit based on the Company’s revenue achievements.
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Cash and Cash Equivalents
All highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less, when purchased, are classified as cash equivalents. Cash equivalents may be invested in money market funds and are carried at cost, which approximates their fair value.
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| Accounts Receivable, Net | Accounts Receivable, NetAccounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of allowance for doubtful accounts and are non-interest bearing. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts to ensure trade receivables are not overstated due to uncollectability. Allowances are provided for individual accounts receivable when the Company becomes aware of a customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations, such as in the case of bankruptcy, deterioration in the customer’s operating results, or change in financial position. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inventories |
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is computed on a first-in, first-out basis. Inventory levels are analyzed periodically and written down to their net realizable value if they have become obsolete, have a cost basis in excess of expected net realizable value or are in excess of expected demand.
The Company analyzes current and future product demand relative to the remaining product life to identify potential excess inventories. The write-down is measured as the difference between the cost of the inventories and net realizable value and charged to inventory reserves, which is a component of cost of revenue. At the point of the loss recognition, a new, lower cost basis for those inventories is established, and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis.
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| Property and Equipment, Net and Equipment on Lease, Net |
Property and Equipment, Net and Equipment on Lease, Net
Property and equipment, and equipment on lease are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, as follows:
Expenditures for major renewals and improvements that increase functionality of the asset are capitalized and depreciated ratably over the identified useful life. Expenditures for non-major repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred.
The Company capitalizes qualifying internal-use software development costs incurred during the application development stage for internal tools and cloud-based applications used to deliver its services, provided that management with the relevant authority authorizes and commits to the funding of the project, it is probable the project will be completed, and the software will be used to perform the function intended. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post implementation activities are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred for enhancements that are expected to result in additional material functionality are capitalized.
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| Impairment of Long-Lived Assets |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company reviews its long-lived assets, consisting of property and equipment, equipment on lease, net, and right-of use assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Factors considered important that could trigger an impairment review include a significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results, or a significant change in the manner of the use of the assets. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset (or asset group) to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset (or asset group). If the carrying amount of an asset (or asset group) exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized to the extent the fair value is less than the carrying value.
Management evaluates its long-lived assets, on an annual basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant and Equipment.
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| Assets Under Lease Agreements (as Lessee) |
Assets Under Lease Agreements (as Lessee)
The carrying value of right of use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities are based on the present value of future minimum lease payments for leases with original terms in excess of one year. The sum of future minimum lease payments, as adjusted for any initial direct costs, are recognized over the lease term on the straight-line method.
The rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable in most of the Company’s leases, and therefore the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate when measuring operating lease liabilities. The incremental borrowing rate represents an estimate of the interest rate the Company would incur at lease commencement to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis over the term of the lease.
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| Deferred Transaction Costs |
Deferred Transaction Costs
The Company capitalizes certain legal, accounting, and other third-party fees that are directly related to a planned equity financing that is probable of successful completion until such financing is consummated. After consummation of an equity financing, these costs are recorded as a reduction of the proceeds received as a result of the financing. Should a planned equity financing be abandoned, terminated or significantly delayed, the deferred transaction costs are immediately written off to operating expenses.
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| Warrants for Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Common Stock Warrants |
Warrants for Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock
Warrants to purchase shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock are classified as liabilities because the warrants are freestanding financial instruments that may require the Company to transfer assets upon exercise. Warrants for redeemable convertible preferred stock are recorded within other noncurrent liabilities on the balance sheets. The warrants are recorded at fair value upon issuance and are subject to remeasurement to fair value at each balance sheet date. Changes in fair value of the warrants for redeemable convertible preferred stock are recorded in the Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss in other income, net. The liability will continue to be adjusted for changes in fair value until the earlier of the exercise, expiration, or conversion; or until the redeemable convertible preferred stock is no longer redeemable.
Common Stock Warrants
Warrants to purchase shares of common stock are classified as equity and recognized within additional paid-in capital with no subsequent remeasurement. The amount recognized within additional paid-in capital is determined by allocating the proceeds received and issuance costs incurred between the instruments issued based on their relative fair value.
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| Information by Segment and Geography |
Information by Segment and Geography
The Company manages its operations and allocates resources as a single operating segment. Further, the Company manages, monitors, and reports its financial results as a single reporting segment. The Company’s chief operating decision-maker is its Chief Executive Officer, who reviews financial information presented on an entity-wide basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance, and allocating resources. The Company has no segment managers who are held accountable by the CODM for operations, operating results, and planning for levels of components below the entity- wide level. The Company currently sells its products in the United States and other locations. No long-lived assets are located outside the U.S.
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Information by Segment and Geography
The Company manages its operations and allocates resources as a single operating segment. Further, the Company manages, monitors, and reports its financial results as a single reporting segment. The Company’s chief operating decision-maker is its Chief Executive Officer, who reviews financial information presented on an entity-wide basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance, and allocating resources. The Company has no segment managers who are held accountable by the CODM for operations, operating results, and planning for levels of components below the entity-wide level. The Company currently sells its products in the United States, and East Asia/Oceania. No long-lived assets are located outside the U.S.
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| Revenue Recognition |
Revenue Recognition
On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” utilizing the full retrospective method. Revenue subject to ASC 606 consists of 3D Printer sales and Support Services (recognition of Recurring Payment consisting of payments from lessees of the Company’s equipment discussed below). The Company determines revenue recognition through the following five-step model for recognizing revenue: (1) identification of the contract with a customer; (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determination of the transaction price; (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies its performance obligation.
A typical contract with customers for the 3D Printer and bundled software includes the Support Services. The Company provides one price for all deliverables including the 3D Printer and bundled software, and for the Support Services. Typically, the Company has one distinct obligation to transfer the 3D Printers and bundled software, and another distinct obligation to provide the Support Services.
The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price (“SSP”) basis. The Company determines SSP based on observable standalone selling price when it is available, as well as other factors, including the price charged to its customers, its discounting practices, and its overall pricing objectives including risk adjusted gross profit margin for products and services, while maximizing observable inputs. In situations where pricing is highly variable, or a product is never sold on a stand-alone basis, the Company estimates the SSP using the residual approach. Significant judgment is used to identify and account for each of the two performance obligations.
3D Printer Sales
The Company bills its customers beginning at the time of acceptance of the purchase order (which represents a deposit), with the second billing at the time of shipment and final billing upon site acceptance test completion. The timeframe from order to completion of the site acceptance test occurs typically over three to six months. Revenue for the 3D Printer is recognized at a point-in time, which occurs upon transfer of control to the customer at shipment. Site installation, testing and customer training are incidental to customer acceptance.
The Company has elected not to recognize shipping to customers as a separate performance obligation. Revenue from shipping billed to customers for each of the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 was $0.1 million.
Revenue for parts sold to customers independent of the 3D Printer sales or Support Services contract is included with 3D Printer sales. Such revenue is recognized at a point-in time, which occurs upon transfer of control to the customer at shipment. Revenue from parts was $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Support Services
Support Services are field service engineering, phone and email support, preventative maintenance, and limited on and off-site consulting support. A subsequent Support Service contract is available for renewal after the initial period based on the then fair value of the service.
Support Services revenue are recognized evenly over the contract period beginning with customer performance test acceptance.
Recurring Payment (operating lease revenue from customers)
The Company enters into operating leases (“Recurring Payment”) for customers who do not purchase the 3D Printers (“equipment”). On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC 842, “Leases,” and determined that arrangements providing for recurring payments from customers qualify as leases. The contracts explicitly specify the equipment which is a production system with defined components and services including the printer itself, services, and accessories. The asset is physically distinct, the supplier does not have substitution rights, and the customer holds the right to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the identified
asset. As of June 30, 2021, initial lease terms are 12 months and the Company has considered the possibility of renewals when determining the length of the contract and the expectation is that customers will not exercise any renewal or purchase options at the end of the lease. The arrangements provide for a base rent and usually provide for variable payments based on usage in excess of a defined threshold. Support Services are included during the lease term. The variable payments are recognized when the event determining the amount of variable consideration to be paid occurs. As of June 30, 2021, there has been no variable consideration recognized to date.
Equipment under lease contracts is reclassified from inventory at its basis and depreciated over five years to a salvage value. Income from the lessee is recorded as revenue using the straight-line method over the term of the lease. Support services are a non-lease component. The practical expedient has been elected to include rents and this non-lease component as one revenue stream recognized over the lease term on a straight-line basis. Costs associated with this component are classified as cost of revenue and recognized as incurred.
Costs for warranties for parts and services for equipment under lease are accrued separately at lease commencement and amortized to cost of revenue over the lease term to the extent the costs are probable and can be reasonably estimated since the related revenue is being recognized over the lease term. Warranty accruals were not material as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Equipment leased to customers are considered long-lived assets and are tested for impairment. Management evaluates its long-lived assets, on an annual basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant and Equipment.
Contracts Assets and Contract Liabilities
Contract assets consist of unbilled receivables and are recorded when revenue is recognized in advance of scheduled billings to the Company’s customers. A contract asset is recognized when products or services are transferred to a customer and the right to consideration is conditional on something other than the passage of time. Contract liabilities include amounts billed or collected which is related to remaining performance obligations. Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied, or partially unsatisfied. It includes unearned revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods.
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Revenue Recognition
On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” utilizing the full retrospective method. Revenue subject to ASC 606 consists of 3D Printer sales and Support Services (recognition of Recurring Payment consisting of payments from lessees of the Company’s equipment discussed below). The Company determines revenue recognition through the following fivestep model for recognizing revenue: (1) identification of the contract with a customer; (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determination of the transaction price; (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies its performance obligation.
A typical contract with customers for the 3D Printer and bundled software includes the Support Services. The Company provides one price for all deliverables including the 3D Printer and bundled software, and for the Support Services. Typically, the Company has one distinct obligation to transfer the 3D Printers and bundled software, and another distinct obligation to provide the Support Services.
The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price (“SSP”) basis. The Company determines SSP based on observable standalone selling price when it is available, as well as other factors, including the price charged to its customers, its discounting practices, and its overall pricing objectives including risk adjusted gross profit margins for products and services, while maximizing observable inputs. In situations where pricing is highly variable, or a product is never sold on a stand-alone basis, the Company estimates the SSP using the residual approach. Significant judgment is used to identify and account for each of the two performance obligations.
3D Printer Sales
The Company bills its customers beginning at the time of acceptance of the purchase order (which represents a deposit), with the second billing at the time of shipment and final billing upon site acceptance test completion. The timeframe from order to completion of the site acceptance test occurs typically over to six months. Revenue for the 3D Printer is recognized at a point in time, which occurs upon transfer of control to the customer at shipment. Site installation, testing and customer training are incidental to customer acceptance.
The Company has elected not to recognize shipping to customers as a separate performance obligation. Revenue from shipping billed to customers for each of the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $0.1 million.
Recurring Payment (operating lease revenue from customers)
The Company enters into operating leases (“Recurring Payment”) for customers who do not purchase the 3D Printers (“equipment”). On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC 842, “Leases,” and determined that arrangements providing for recurring payments from customers qualify as leases. The contracts explicitly specify the equipment which is a production system with defined components and services including the printer itself, services, and accessories. The asset is physically distinct, the supplier does not have substitution rights, and the customer holds the right to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the identified asset. As of December 31, 2020, initial lease terms are 12 months and the Company has considered the possibility of renewals when determining the length of the contract and the expectation is that customers will not exercise any renewal or purchase options at the end of the lease. The arrangements provide for a base rent and usually provide for variable payments based on usage in excess of a defined threshold. Support Services are included during the lease term. The variable payments are recognized when the event determining the amount of variable consideration to be paid occurs. As of December 31, 2020, there has been no variable consideration recognized to date.
Equipment under lease contracts is reclassified from inventory at its basis and depreciated over five years to a salvage value. Income from the lessee is recorded as revenue using the straight-line method over the term of the lease. Support services are a non-lease component. The practical expedient has been elected to include rents and this non-lease component as one revenue stream recognized over the lease term on a straight-line basis. Costs associated with this component are classified as cost of revenue and recognized as incurred.
Costs for warranties for parts and services for equipment under lease are accrued separately at lease commencement and amortized to cost of revenue over the lease term to the extent the costs are probable and can be reasonably estimated since the related revenue is being recognized over the lease term. Warranty accruals were not material as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.
Equipment leased to customers are considered long-lived assets and are tested for impairment as described above under the heading “Impairment of Long-lived Assets.”
Support Services
Support Services are field service engineering, phone and email support, preventative maintenance, and limited on and off-site consulting support. A subsequent Support Service contract is available for renewal after the initial period based on the then fair value of the service.
Support Services revenue are recognized evenly over the contract period beginning with customer performance test acceptance.
Other Revenue
Revenue is recognized for parts sold to customers independent of the 3D Printer sales or Support Services contract. Such revenue is recognized at a point in time, which occurs upon transfer of control to the customer at shipment. Revenue from parts was not material for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
Contracts Assets and Contract Liabilities
Contract assets consist of unbilled receivables and are recorded when revenue is recognized in advance of scheduled billings to the Company’s customers. A contract asset is recognized when products or services are transferred to a customer and the right to consideration is conditional on something other than the passage of time. Contract liabilities include amounts billed or collected which is related to remaining performance obligations. Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied, or partially unsatisfied. It includes unearned revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods.
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| Cost of Revenue |
Cost of Revenue
Cost of 3D Printers includes the manufacturing cost of the components and subassemblies purchased from vendors for the assembly, as well as, raw materials and assemblies, shipping costs, and other directly associated costs. Cost of 3D Printers also includes allocated overhead costs from headcount related costs, such as salaries and stock-based compensation, depreciation of manufacturing related equipment and facilities, and information technology costs.
Cost of Recurring Payment includes depreciation of the equipment on lease over the useful life of five years less the residual value, and an allocated portion of Cost of Support Services.
Cost of Support Services includes the cost of spare or replacement parts for preventive maintenance, installation costs, allocated headcount related costs, such as salaries, stock-based compensation, depreciation of manufacturing related equipment and facilities, and information technology costs. The headcount related costs are directly associated with the engineers dedicated to remote and on-site support, training, travel costs, and other services costs.
Warranties on 3D Printers
The Company generally provides standard warranty coverage on its products for twelve months, providing parts necessary to repair the systems during the warranty period. The Company accounts for the estimated warranty cost as a charge to cost of revenue when revenue is recognized. The estimated warranty cost is based on historical and predicted product failure rates and repair expenses.
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Cost of Revenue
Cost of 3D Printer includes the manufacturing cost of the components and subassemblies purchased from vendors for the assembly, as well as, raw materials and assemblies, shipping costs, and other directly associated costs. Cost of 3D Printer also includes allocated overhead costs from headcount related costs, such as salaries and stock-based compensation, depreciation of manufacturing related equipment and facilities, and information technology costs.
Cost of Recurring Payment includes depreciation of the equipment on lease over the useful life of five years less the residual value, and an allocated portion of Cost of Support Services.
Cost of Support Services includes the cost of spare or replacement parts for preventive maintenance, installation costs, allocated headcount related costs, such as salaries, stock-based compensation, depreciation of manufacturing related equipment and facilities, and information technology costs. The headcount related costs are directly associated with the engineers dedicated to remote and on-site support, training, travel costs, and other services costs.
Warranties on 3D Printers The Company generally provides standard warranty coverage on its products for twelve months, providing parts necessary to repair the systems during the warranty period. The Company accounts for the estimated warranty cost as a charge to cost of revenue when revenue is recognized. The estimated warranty cost is based on historical and predicted product failure rates and repair expenses.
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| Operating Expenses |
Operating Expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of salary and related expenses, including stock-based compensation, for personnel related to the development of improvements and expanded features for the Company’s products and services, as well as quality assurance, testing, product management, and allocated overhead. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of salary and related expenses, including stock-based compensation, for personnel related to the sales and marketing efforts to expand the Company’s brand and market share. Also, selling and marketing expenses includes third-party consulting fees, advertising, and allocated overhead. The Company expenses the cost of advertising, including promotional expenses, as incurred. Advertising expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 were not material.
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, occupancy costs including rent and utilities, and depreciation; information technology used in the business; professional services costs including legal, accounting, and consulting; and other.
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Operating Expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of salary and related expenses, including stock-based compensation, for personnel related to the development of improvements and expanded features for the Company’s products and services, as well as quality assurance, testing, product management, and allocated overhead. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of salary and related expenses, including stock-based compensation, for personnel related to the sales and marketing efforts to expand the Company’s brand and market share. Also, selling and marketing expenses includes third-party consulting fees, advertising, and allocated overhead. The Company expenses the cost of advertising, including promotional expenses, as incurred. Advertising expenses for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were not material.
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, occupancy costs including rent and utilities, and depreciation; information technology used in the business; professional services costs including legal, accounting, and consulting; and other.
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| Stock-based Compensation |
Stock-based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based awards granted to employees and directors based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the date of grant. Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The Company accounts for forfeitures when they occur, and any compensation expense previously recognized on unvested shares will be reversed when forfeited.
The fair value of option-based awards is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the fair value of the underlying common stock, the option’s expected term, the price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rates, and the expected dividend yield of the underlying common stock. The fair value of common stock underlying awards is based on the fair value of the common stock as of the date of grant. Fair value is determined by considering a number of objective, subjective, and complex factors including independent third-party valuations of the Company’s common stock, operating and financial performance, the lack of liquidity of capital stock, and general and industry specific economic outlook, among other factors. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the awards represent management’s best estimates. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment.
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| Income Taxes |
Income Taxes
The Company uses the asset and liability method in accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred income taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax expense or benefit is the result of changes in the deferred tax asset and liability. Valuation allowances are established when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets where it is more-likely-than-not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In evaluating the Company’s ability to recover deferred tax assets, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including historical operating results, ongoing tax planning, and forecasts of future taxable income on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis. Based on the level of historical losses, the Company has established a valuation allowance to reduce its net deferred tax assets to the amount that is more-likely-than-not to be realized. The Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.
A tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more-likely-than-not that the position will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position.
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| Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders |
Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders
Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. The Company considers all series of its redeemable convertible preferred stock to be participating securities as such stockholders participate in undistributed earnings with common stockholders. Under the two-class method, net income is attributed to common stockholders and participating securities based on their participation rights. The holders of the redeemable convertible preferred stock do not have a contractual obligation to share in the losses. As such, any net losses are not allocated to these participating securities.
Under the two-class method, basic net income or loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net income or loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders adjusts basic net loss per share for the effect of potentially dilutive securities. As the Company has reported losses for all periods presented, diluted net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders is the same as basic net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders because all potentially dilutive securities are antidilutive.
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| Comprehensive Loss |
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss is composed of two components: net loss and other comprehensive loss. Other comprehensive income loss refers to revenue, expenses, gains, and losses that under U.S. GAAP are recorded as an element of stockholders’ deficit but are excluded from net loss. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, as there are no activities that impacted comprehensive loss, there are no differences between comprehensive loss and net loss reported in the Company’s Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
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| Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements |
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) — Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“Topic 740”), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by eliminating some exceptions to the general approach in Accounting Standards Codification 740, Income Taxes. It also clarifies certain aspects of the existing guidance to promote more consistent application. This standard is effective for the Company in fiscal year 2021, and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted the guidance and there is no material impact on its condensed financial statements.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“Topic 848”),” which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contract modifications, hedging relationships, and other transactions, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The guidance was effective for the Company beginning on March 12, 2020 and the amendments will be applied prospectively through December 31, 2022. The Company adopted the guidance and there is no material impact on its condensed financial statements.
In August 2020, the FASB issued No. ASU 2020-06, Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”). This ASU simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current U.S. GAAP.
Consequently, more convertible debt instruments will be reported as a single liability instrument and more redeemable convertible preferred stock as a single equity instrument with no separate accounting for embedded conversion features. The ASU removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, which will permit more equity contracts to qualify for it. The ASU also simplifies the diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) calculation in certain areas. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Board specified that an entity should adopt the guidance as of the beginning of its annual fiscal year. The Company early adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2021 using the modified retrospective method. Adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements and disclosures.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“Topic 326”)”, and has since released various amendments including ASU No. 2019-04. The guidance modifies the measurement of expected credit losses on certain financial instruments. This guidance is effective for the Company for the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the guidance on its financial statements and disclosures.
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Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (“Topic 842”), which superseded the existing lease guidance under current U.S. GAAP. Topic 842 is based on the principle that entities should recognize assets and liabilities arising from leases. The new standard does not significantly change the lessees’ recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows from the previous accounting standard and leases continue to be classified as finance or operating. Topic 842’s primary change is the requirement for entities to recognize a lease liability for payments and a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset representing the right to use the leased asset during the term of an operating lease arrangement. Lessees were permitted to make an accounting policy election to not recognize lease costs for agreements with a term of 12 months or less as payments become due. Lessors’ accounting under the new standard was largely unchanged from the previous accounting standard. In addition, Topic 842 expanded the disclosure requirements of lease arrangements. Upon adoption, lessees and lessors were required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. The Company adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2019 using a modified retrospective approach and no cumulative effect adjustment was recorded upon adoption. The adoption of the new standard did not impact the Company’s Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss, Statements of Changes in Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Deficit, or Statements of Cash Flows.
Topic 842 provided a number of optional practical expedients in transition. The Company elected the “package of practical expedients” which permitted the Company to carry over its prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification, and initial direct costs. The Company has elected the short-term lease exemption for all leases with a term of 12 months or less for both existing and ongoing operating leases. The Company elected the practical expedient to capitalize the total lease payment rather than separate lease and non-lease components and only capitalize the lease component. The rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable in the Company’s leases, and therefore the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate when measuring operating lease liabilities. The incremental borrowing rate represents an estimate of the interest rate the Company would incur at lease commencement to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis over the term of the lease. Adoption of ASC 842 did not have a material impact on the Company’s accounting as a lessor.
In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, “Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“Topic 718”).” The new guidance expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from non-employees and to account for awards to non-employees using the grant date fair value without subsequent periodic measurement. The Company early adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2019 using a modified retrospective transition method. Adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements and disclosures.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, (“Topic 820”)”, to modify the
disclosure requirements on fair value measurements based on the concepts in the FASB Concepts Statements, including the consideration of costs and benefits. The amendments in the update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of the new guidance will require all entities to present, on a prospective basis, narrative information regarding the uncertainty of the fair value measurements from the use of unobservable inputs used in recurring fair value measurements categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, to disclose the amount of gains and losses recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for the period for financial instruments categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, and quantitative information for the significant unobservable inputs used to develop the Level 3 fair value measurements. The adoption of the new guidance will also allow the Company to discontinue the presentation of information regarding transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the only financial instrument of the Company for which the recurring fair value measurements are categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy is its redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liabilities. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2020 and the adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“Topic 326”)”, and has since released various amendments including ASU No. 2019-04. The guidance modifies the measurement of expected credit losses on certain financial instruments. This guidance is effective for the Company beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the guidance on its financial statements and disclosures.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) — Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“Topic 740”), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by eliminating some exceptions to the general approach in Accounting Standards Codification 740, Income Taxes. It also clarifies certain aspects of the existing guidance to promote more consistent application. This standard is effective for the Company in 2021 and interim periods within that year, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact the new standard will have on the financial statements and disclosures.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“Topic 848”),” which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contract modifications, hedging relationships, and other transactions, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The guidance was effective for the Company beginning on March 12, 2020 and the amendments will be applied prospectively through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this guidance on its financial statements and disclosures.
In August 2020, the FASB issued No. ASU 2020-06, Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”). This ASU simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current U.S. GAAP.
Consequently, more convertible debt instruments will be reported as a single liability instrument and more convertible preferred stock as a single equity instrument with no separate accounting for embedded conversion features. The ASU removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, which will permit more equity contracts to qualify for it. The ASU also simplifies the diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) calculation in certain areas. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Board specified that an entity should adopt the guidance as of the beginning of its annual fiscal year. The Company has not yet decided the date of adoption of this standard. The Company is currently evaluating whether this guidance will have a significant impact on its financial statements and disclosures.
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