Basis of Presentation

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and the requirements of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial reporting. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by U.S. GAAP can be condensed or omitted. Accordingly, these unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (the “2024 Form 10-K”) and the related notes, which provide a more complete discussion of the Company’s accounting policies and certain other information. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company. These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s consolidated financial information. These interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, or for any other interim period or for any other future year.

On June 10, 2024, the stockholders of the Company approved an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, at a ratio ranging from 1-for-5 and 1-for-50, with the exact ratio to be set within that range by the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”). On June 10, 2024, the Board approved the reverse stock split at a ratio of 1-for-35 (the “2024 Reverse Stock Split”). On June 12, 2024, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to the Company's Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect the 2024 Reverse Stock Split, effective as of June 13, 2024.

As a result of the 2024 Reverse Stock Split, every 35 shares of the Company's common stock were automatically reclassified and converted into one issued and outstanding share of common stock. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Any fractional shares resulting from the 2024 Reverse Stock Split were rounded up to the nearest whole share. The par value of the Company’s common stock was not adjusted as a result of the 2024 Reverse Stock Split. All of the Company’s share numbers, per share amounts, and related stockholders’ equity (deficit) balances presented herein have been retroactively adjusted to

reflect the 2024 Reverse Stock Split. In addition, the exercise prices, conversion rates and other terms of the Company’s securities that adjusted pursuant to their terms as a result of the 2024 Reverse Stock Split have been presented after giving effect to such adjustments.

On June 27, 2025, the stockholders of the Company, approved an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, to effect a reverse stock split of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, at a ratio ranging from 1-for-5 and 1-for-50, with the exact ratio to be set within that range by the Company’s Board. On July 18, 2025, the Board approved the reverse stock split at a ratio of 1-for-15 (the “2025 Reverse Stock Split”). On July 25, 2025, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to the Company's Certificate of Incorporation, as amended with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect the 2025 Reverse Stock Split, effective as of July 28, 2025.

As a result of the 2025 Reverse Stock Split, every 15 shares of the Company's common stock were automatically reclassified and converted into one issued and outstanding share of common stock. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the 2025 Reverse Stock Split. Any fractional shares resulting from the 2025 Reverse Stock Split were rounded up to the nearest whole share. The par value of the Company’s common stock was not adjusted as a result of the 2025 Reverse Stock Split nor did it change the total number of the Company's authorized shares of common stock. All of the Company’s share numbers, per share amounts, and related stockholders’ equity (deficit) balances presented herein have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the 2025 Reverse Stock Split. In addition, the exercise prices, conversion rates and other terms of the Company’s securities that adjusted pursuant to their terms as a result of the 2025 Reverse Stock Split have been presented after giving effect to such adjustments.

Going Concern, Financial Condition and Liquidity and Capital Resources

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared on the basis of continuity of operations, the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the ordinary course of business. The Company has incurred losses from operations and negative cash flows from operations in every year since inception and expects this to continue for the foreseeable future. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had an accumulated deficit of ($481.3) million and cash and cash equivalents on hand of approximately $11.8 million.

Management believes that substantial doubt exists about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. As of the date of the issuance of these unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements, the Company does not have sufficient liquidity to meet its operating needs and satisfy its obligations for at least 12 months from the date of issuance of these unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

The Senior Secured Notes due 2025 (the "Secured Notes") were originally issued to High Trail Investments ON LLC and HB SPV I Master Sub LLC in 2023. On December 9, 2024, Arrayed Notes Acquisition Corp. ("Arrayed"), a subsidiary of Arrayed Additive, Inc., purchased the Senior Secured Note due 2025 (the "Senior Notes") from the original holders. On December 24, 2024, the Company and Arrayed entered into a debt for equity exchange transaction (the "December 2024 Exchange") where the Company issued 12,343,423 shares of the Company’s common stock, in exchange for the cancellation of $22.4 million in principal amount of the Company’s Secured Notes plus $0.4 million of accrued interest on the Notes. Arrayed continues to hold $5.0 million in principal amount of the Secured Notes, and as a result of the December 2024 Exchange, became the owner of approximately 95% of the Company's issued and outstanding common stock.

In December 2023, the Board of Directors commenced a strategic business review process to explore alternatives in order to maximize stockholder value. The Company's strategic review was concluded on December 24, 2024, at the close of the debt for equity exchange transaction.

On January 7, 2025, the Company issued a Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note in the principal amount of $5,000,000 (the "January Note") to Thieneman Properties, LLC, an Indiana limited liability company. The January Note bears interest at a rate of 60.0% per annum and was initially payable in full on April 7, 2025 in the amount of $5,750,000 and if not paid on or prior to such date, will continue to accrue interest at the same rate until paid. The January Note may be prepaid in whole or in part at any time without penalty or premium and is convertible in the event of default into shares of the Company’s common stock, at a fixed

conversion price of $1.56 per share. On April 7, 2025, the Company made a payment of $750,000, covering the first three months of interest on the January Note. The Company continues to accrue interest on the principal amount of the January Note until such time it will be repaid.

On February 10, 2025, the Company issued a Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note in the principal amount of $10,000,000 (the "February Note") to Thieneman Construction, Inc, an Indiana corporation, to be funded in two tranches of $5,000,000. The February Note bears interest at a rate of 30.0% per annum, is payable in full on the date that is six months from the date each such tranche was funded, in the amount of $5,750,000 and if not paid on or prior to such date, will continue to accrue interest at the same rate until paid. The first tranche (“February Note 1st tranche”) and second tranche (“February Note 2nd tranche”) were received by the Company on February 10, 2025 and March 20, 2025, respectively, which became due on August 10, 2025 and September 20, 2025, respectively. The outstanding principal amount of the February Note is convertible, upon the occurrence of the Company’s successful listing of shares of its common stock on a national securities exchange or the occurrence and during the continuation of an event of default, into shares of the Company's common stock at a fixed conversion price of $15.00 per share. The January Note and February Note are referred to herein collectively as the (“Secured Convertible Notes)”.

On August 19, 2025, Velo3D, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Lake Street Capital Markets, LLC, as representative of the several underwriters named therein (the “Representative”), relating to the public offering of 5,833,333 shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, at a purchase price per share of $3.00 (the “Offering Price”). Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, the Company also granted the Representative a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 875,000 shares of common stock at the Offering Price, less any underwriting discounts and commissions, which was exercised in full.

The “August 2025 Offering” closed on August 20, 2025. Gross proceeds of $20.1 million was received from the August 2025 Offering of 5,833,333 shares of the Company's common stock ($17.5 million) and the exercise of the Representative option to purchase 875,000 shares of common stock. Net proceeds from the offering were approximately $17.8 million after deducting $2.3 million in the underwriting discounts and commissions, and other offering expenses payable by the Company for legal and audit services. The Company intends to use the net proceeds of this offering for working capital, capital expenditures and general corporate purposes.

The Company will need to engage in additional financings to fund its operations and satisfy its obligations in the near-term. The Company is in discussions with multiple financing sources to attempt to secure additional financing. There are no assurances that the Company will be able to obtain financing on acceptable terms, or at all, to provide the necessary interim funding to continue its operations and satisfy its obligations for at least 12 months from the date of issuance of these unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

3D Printer financial statement line item changed to "3D Printer and Parts"

3D Printer revenue and 3D Printer Cost of revenues have historically included systems and printed parts, and consumables. The name change from Revenue - 3D Printer to "3D Printer and parts" and Cost of Revenue - 3D Printer to "3D Printer and parts" clarifies where the Rapid Production Solutions printed parts revenue and cost of revenue are presented.

Product Warranties

Our 3D printers are sold with a warranty period of typically one year from installation. After the warranty period, we generally offer service contracts that enable our customers to continue service and maintenance coverage. These service contracts are offered with various levels of support and options and are priced accordingly. One entitlement of our service contracts is our service engineers provide periodic preventive maintenance visits to customer sites. Additionally, we provide training to our partners to enable them to also perform these services. Another contract entitlement on certain printer models is proactive remote troubleshooting capability through the Company’s integrated platform. From time to time, we also offer upgrade kits for certain of our printers that enable our existing customers to take advantage of new or enhanced printer capabilities. In some cases, we have discontinued upgrade support and maintenance agreements for certain of our older legacy printers.

Printers and certain other products include a warranty that covers workmanship, software, and hardware components under which we provide maintenance for periods up to one year. For these initial product warranties, estimated costs are accrued at the time of the sale of the product. These cost estimates are established using historical information regarding the nature, frequency and average cost of claims for each type of printer or other product, as well as assumptions about future activity and events. Revisions to expense accruals are made as necessary based on changes in these historical and future factors.

Equipment Subject to Operating Lease

We have updated certain naming conventions within our condensed consolidated interim financial statement descriptions to better reflect the nature of our leases. The line item previously labeled “Equipment on lease, net” has been renamed to “Equipment subject to operating lease, net”. Additionally, the related note disclosure has been revised to separately present (i) “Equipment on Lease”, and (ii) “Equipment available on lease”. These changes are intended to improve clarity and more accurately represent the composition and status of our equipment subject to operating lease.

For more information, see Note 7, Equipment Subject to Operating Lease, Net, in the notes of the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

Our 3D printers subject to operating leases are classified using the following criteria:

If the 3D printers does not meet the above criteria, the equipment is classified under property and equipment, net.